Home
ATV
Suspension, Drive & Wheel Parts
Polaris Suspension & Drive Parts
Polaris ATV/UTV Universal Joints (U-Joints)
19-1005-Ref3: ATV Front Drive Shaft Engine Side U-Joint

ATV Front Drive Shaft Engine Side U-Joint

Part #: 19-1005-Ref3

List Price: $22.05

Our Price: $19.85

Add to Compare

Front Drive Shaft Engine Side U-Joint. Reference #3 on ATV image

U-Joints are cold forged from SCM-415 steel, precision ground journals are case hardened to HRC58-61
U-Joints are pre-greased with hi-temp Lithium Complex 3 grease
Bearing Cups feature a Quad lip seal to keep contamination out and grease in
Centrally located grease zerk and grease channels in the bearing cup evenly distributes grease

NOTE: Polaris ATVs and UTVs used 19-1005-Ref3 (inside snap rings) and 19-1008-Ref3 (outside snap rings) or 19-1016-Ref3 (outside snap rings) interchangeably. Please check your vehicle to insure that you order the correct part.

Inside Snap Rings Dimensions (see drawing)

D: 0.94"
W: 1.54"

OEM Replacement This part is aftermarket equipment designed to replace the original manufacturer's part numbers specified here. It is manufactured using high-quality materials, to the same specifications as the original part.	Polaris 3260104, Polaris 3260133, Polaris 2202015

This part fits: (click the plus signs to expand)

Polaris (fits 310)
- ATP 330 4x4
  - 2004 Polaris ATP 330 4x4
  - 2005 Polaris ATP 330 4x4
- ATP 500 HO 4x4
  - 2004 Polaris ATP 500 HO 4x4
  - 2005 Polaris ATP 500 HO 4x4
- Forest 800 6x6
  - 2015 Polaris Forest 800 6x6
- Hawkeye 300 4x4
  - 2006 Polaris Hawkeye 300 4x4
  - 2007 Polaris Hawkeye 300 4x4
- LSV EV 4x4
  - 2011 Polaris LSV EV 4x4
  - 2012 Polaris LSV EV 4x4
- Magnum 325 4x4
  - 2000 Polaris Magnum 325 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Magnum 325 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Magnum 325 4x4
- Magnum 330 4x4
  - 2003 Polaris Magnum 330 4x4
  - 2004 Polaris Magnum 330 4x4
  - 2005 Polaris Magnum 330 4x4
- Magnum 500 4x4
  - 1999 Polaris Magnum 500 4x4
  - 2000 Polaris Magnum 500 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Magnum 500 4x4
  - 2003 Polaris Magnum 500 4x4
- Magnum 500 4x4 with EBS
  - 2000 Polaris Magnum 500 4x4 with EBS
- Ranger 400
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 400
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger 400
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger 400
- Ranger 400 HO
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger 400 HO
- Ranger 500 4x4
  - 2004 Polaris Ranger 500 4x4
  - 2005 Polaris Ranger 500 4x4
  - 2006 Polaris Ranger 500 4x4
- Ranger 500 4x4 Carb
  - 2007 Polaris Ranger 500 4x4 Carb
- Ranger 500 4x4 EFI
  - 2006 Polaris Ranger 500 4x4 EFI
  - 2007 Polaris Ranger 500 4x4 EFI
  - 2008 Polaris Ranger 500 4x4 EFI
- Ranger 500 6x6
  - 2004 Polaris Ranger 500 6x6
  - 2005 Polaris Ranger 500 6x6
- Ranger 500 EFI
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger 500 EFI
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 500 EFI
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger 500 EFI
- Ranger 500 EFI 4x4
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 500 EFI 4x4
- Ranger 500 EFI LE
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 500 EFI LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger 500 EFI LE
- Ranger 500 HO EFI
  - 2010 Polaris Ranger 500 HO EFI
- Ranger 500 XP 4x4
  - 2005 Polaris Ranger 500 XP 4x4
- Ranger 570 EFI
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger 570 EFI
- Ranger 570 RZR
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 570 RZR
- Ranger 700 4x4 XP
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 700 4x4 XP
- Ranger 700 4x4 XP LE
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 700 4x4 XP LE
- Ranger 700 Crew
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 700 Crew
- Ranger 700 Crew LE
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 700 Crew LE
- Ranger 700 EFI 4x4 Crew
  - 2008 Polaris Ranger 700 EFI 4x4 Crew
- Ranger 700 EFI 6x6
  - 2006 Polaris Ranger 700 EFI 6x6
  - 2007 Polaris Ranger 700 EFI 6x6
  - 2008 Polaris Ranger 700 EFI 6x6
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 700 EFI 6x6
- Ranger 700 HO
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 700 HO
- Ranger 700 XP 4x4
  - 2006 Polaris Ranger 700 XP 4x4
  - 2008 Polaris Ranger 700 XP 4x4
- Ranger 700 XP 4x4 LE
  - 2006 Polaris Ranger 700 XP 4x4 LE
- Ranger 700 XP EFI 4x4
  - 2007 Polaris Ranger 700 XP EFI 4x4
- Ranger 700 XP EFI LE 4x4
  - 2007 Polaris Ranger 700 XP EFI LE 4x4
- Ranger 800 6x6
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger 800 6x6
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 800 6x6
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger 800 6x6
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger 800 6x6
  - 2015 Polaris Ranger 800 6x6
- Ranger 800 Crew
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger 800 Crew
- Ranger 800 EFI
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI
- Ranger 800 EFI 6x6
  - 2010 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI 6x6
- Ranger 800 EFI Crew
  - 2010 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI Crew
- Ranger 800 EFI EPS
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI EPS
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI EPS
- Ranger 800 EFI Mid-Size
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI Mid-Size
- Ranger 800 EFI Mid-Size LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI Mid-Size LE
- Ranger 800 EFI Midsize
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI Midsize
- Ranger 800 EFI Midsize LE
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI Midsize LE
- Ranger 800 EFI RZR
  - 2010 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI RZR
- Ranger 800 EFI RZR 4
  - 2010 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI RZR 4
- Ranger 800 EFI RZR S
  - 2010 Polaris Ranger 800 EFI RZR S
- Ranger 800 HD
  - 2010 Polaris Ranger 800 HD
- Ranger 800 RZR
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR
- Ranger 800 RZR 4 Robby Gordon
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR 4 Robby Gordon
- Ranger 800 RZR 4 Robby Gordon EPS
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR 4 Robby Gordon EPS
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR 4 Robby Gordon EPS
- Ranger 800 RZR EPS LE
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR EPS LE
- Ranger 800 RZR LE
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR LE
- Ranger 800 RZR S
  - 2009 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR S
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR S
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR S
- Ranger 800 RZR S LE
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger 800 RZR S LE
- Ranger 800 XP
  - 2010 Polaris Ranger 800 XP
- Ranger 900 Diesel
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger 900 Diesel
- Ranger 900 RZR XP
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger 900 RZR XP
- Ranger Crew 500 EFI
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger Crew 500 EFI
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger Crew 500 EFI
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger Crew 500 EFI
- Ranger Crew 500 EFI LE
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger Crew 500 EFI LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger Crew 500 EFI LE
- Ranger Crew 570 EFI
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger Crew 570 EFI
- Ranger Crew 800
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger Crew 800
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger Crew 800
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger Crew 800
- Ranger Crew 800 EPS
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger Crew 800 EPS
- Ranger Crew 800 EPS LE
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger Crew 800 EPS LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger Crew 800 EPS LE
- Ranger Crew 900
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger Crew 900
- Ranger Crew Diesel
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger Crew Diesel
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger Crew Diesel
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger Crew Diesel
- Ranger Diesel
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger Diesel
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger Diesel
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger Diesel
- Ranger EV
  - 2010 Polaris Ranger EV
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger EV
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger EV
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger EV
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger EV
- Ranger HD 800
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger HD 800
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger HD 800
- Ranger RZR 4 800
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR 4 800
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger RZR 4 800
- Ranger RZR 4 800 EPS LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR 4 800 EPS LE
- Ranger RZR 4 900
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger RZR 4 900
- Ranger RZR 570
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR 570
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger RZR 570
- Ranger RZR 800
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR 800
- Ranger RZR 800 EFI
  - 2008 Polaris Ranger RZR 800 EFI
- Ranger RZR 800 LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR 800 LE
- Ranger RZR 800 Pursuit
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR 800 Pursuit
- Ranger RZR 800 S
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger RZR 800 S
- Ranger RZR 900
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger RZR 900
- Ranger RZR S 800
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR S 800
- Ranger RZR S 800 LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR S 800 LE
- Ranger RZR XP 1000
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger RZR XP 1000
- Ranger RZR XP 4 1000
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger RZR XP 4 1000
- Ranger RZR XP 4 900
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR XP 4 900
- Ranger RZR XP 4 900 EPS LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR XP 4 900 EPS LE
- Ranger RZR XP 4 900 Jagged X
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR XP 4 900 Jagged X
- Ranger RZR XP 900 EFI
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR XP 900 EFI
- Ranger RZR XP 900 EFI LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger RZR XP 900 EFI LE
- Ranger XP 800
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger XP 800
- Ranger XP 800 EFI
  - 2011 Polaris Ranger XP 800 EFI
- Ranger XP 800 EPS
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger XP 800 EPS
- Ranger XP 800 EPS LE
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger XP 800 EPS LE
- Ranger XP 800 LE
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger XP 800 LE
- Ranger XP 900
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger XP 900
  - 2014 Polaris Ranger XP 900
- Ranger XP 900 LE
  - 2013 Polaris Ranger XP 900 LE
- Ranger XP 900 RZR
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger XP 900 RZR
- Ranger XP 900 RZR 4
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger XP 900 RZR 4
- Ranger XP 900 RZR EPS LE
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger XP 900 RZR EPS LE
- Ranger XP 900 RZR LE
  - 2012 Polaris Ranger XP 900 RZR LE
- Scrambler 400 4x4
  - 1998 Polaris Scrambler 400 4x4
  - 1999 Polaris Scrambler 400 4x4
  - 2000 Polaris Scrambler 400 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Scrambler 400 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Scrambler 400 4x4
- Scrambler 500
  - 2005 Polaris Scrambler 500
- Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 1998 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 1999 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2000 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2003 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2004 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2006 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2007 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2008 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2009 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2010 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2011 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
  - 2012 Polaris Scrambler 500 4x4
- Scrambler 500 w/EBS
  - 2005 Polaris Scrambler 500 w/EBS
- Sportsman 300 4x4
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 300 4x4
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman 300 4x4
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 300 4x4
- Sportsman 400 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Sportsman 400 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Sportsman 400 4x4
  - 2003 Polaris Sportsman 400 4x4
  - 2004 Polaris Sportsman 400 4x4
  - 2005 Polaris Sportsman 400 4x4
- Sportsman 400 HO
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 400 HO
- Sportsman 400 HO 4x4
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman 400 HO 4x4
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 400 HO 4x4
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman 400 HO 4x4
  - 2012 Polaris Sportsman 400 HO 4x4
  - 2013 Polaris Sportsman 400 HO 4x4
  - 2014 Polaris Sportsman 400 HO 4x4
- Sportsman 450 HO
  - 2006 Polaris Sportsman 450 HO
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 450 HO
- Sportsman 500 4x4
  - 1996 Polaris Sportsman 500 4x4
  - 1997 Polaris Sportsman 500 4x4
  - 1998 Polaris Sportsman 500 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Sportsman 500 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Sportsman 500 4x4
- Sportsman 500 6x6
  - 2001 Polaris Sportsman 500 6x6
  - 2002 Polaris Sportsman 500 6x6
  - 2003 Polaris Sportsman 500 6x6
  - 2004 Polaris Sportsman 500 6x6
  - 2005 Polaris Sportsman 500 6x6
  - 2006 Polaris Sportsman 500 6x6
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 500 6x6
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 500 6x6
- Sportsman 500 DUSE 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Sportsman 500 DUSE 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Sportsman 500 DUSE 4x4
- Sportsman 500 DUSE HO 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Sportsman 500 DUSE HO 4x4
- Sportsman 500 EBS 4x4
  - 1998 Polaris Sportsman 500 EBS 4x4
- Sportsman 500 EFI
  - 2006 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI
- Sportsman 500 EFI Deluxe
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI Deluxe
- Sportsman 500 EFI Touring
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI Touring
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI Touring
- Sportsman 500 EFI X2
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI X2
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI X2
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI X2
- Sportsman 500 EFI X2 Deluxe
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI X2 Deluxe
- Sportsman 500 HO
  - 2004 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO
  - 2005 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO
  - 2006 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO
  - 2012 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO
  - 2013 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO
- Sportsman 500 HO 4x4
  - 2003 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO 4x4
- Sportsman 500 HO Oak
  - 2004 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO Oak
- Sportsman 500 HO Pursuit LE
  - 2012 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO Pursuit LE
- Sportsman 500 HO Touring
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO Touring
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO Touring
  - 2013 Polaris Sportsman 500 HO Touring
- Sportsman 500 LE
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 500 LE
- Sportsman 500 RSE 4x4
  - 2000 Polaris Sportsman 500 RSE 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Sportsman 500 RSE 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Sportsman 500 RSE 4x4
- Sportsman 500 RSE 4x4 w/EBS
  - 2001 Polaris Sportsman 500 RSE 4x4 w/EBS
- Sportsman 500 X2
  - 2006 Polaris Sportsman 500 X2
- Sportsman 550
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 550
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman 550
- Sportsman 550 EPS
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 550 EPS
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman 550 EPS
- Sportsman 550 Touring EPS
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 550 Touring EPS
- Sportsman 550 X2
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 550 X2
- Sportsman 570 EFI
  - 2014 Polaris Sportsman 570 EFI
- Sportsman 570 EFI Touring
  - 2014 Polaris Sportsman 570 EFI Touring
- Sportsman 600 4x4
  - 2003 Polaris Sportsman 600 4x4
  - 2004 Polaris Sportsman 600 4x4
- Sportsman 600 Twin w/EBS
  - 2005 Polaris Sportsman 600 Twin w/EBS
- Sportsman 700 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Sportsman 700 4x4
  - 2003 Polaris Sportsman 700 4x4
  - 2006 Polaris Sportsman 700 4x4
- Sportsman 700 EFI
  - 2006 Polaris Sportsman 700 EFI
- Sportsman 700 EFI 4x4
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 700 EFI 4x4
- Sportsman 700 EFI X2
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 700 EFI X2
- Sportsman 700 MV Military
  - 2006 Polaris Sportsman 700 MV Military
- Sportsman 700 Twin
  - 2004 Polaris Sportsman 700 Twin
- Sportsman 700 Twin EFI w/EBS
  - 2005 Polaris Sportsman 700 Twin EFI w/EBS
- Sportsman 700 Twin Oak
  - 2004 Polaris Sportsman 700 Twin Oak
- Sportsman 700 Twin w/EBS
  - 2005 Polaris Sportsman 700 Twin w/EBS
- Sportsman 800 Big Boss 6x6
  - 2012 Polaris Sportsman 800 Big Boss 6x6
  - 2013 Polaris Sportsman 800 Big Boss 6x6
- Sportsman 800 EFI
  - 2006 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI
  - 2012 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI
  - 2013 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI
  - 2014 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI
- Sportsman 800 EFI 6x6
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI 6x6
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI 6x6
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI 6x6
- Sportsman 800 EFI Deluxe
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI Deluxe
- Sportsman 800 EFI Forest
  - 2014 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI Forest
- Sportsman 800 EFI X2
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI X2
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI X2
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI X2
- Sportsman 800 EFI X2 Deluxe
  - 2007 Polaris Sportsman 800 EFI X2 Deluxe
- Sportsman 800 Twin EFI
  - 2005 Polaris Sportsman 800 Twin EFI
- Sportsman 850 Touring EPS
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 850 Touring EPS
- Sportsman 850 XP
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 850 XP
- Sportsman 850 XP EPS
  - 2010 Polaris Sportsman 850 XP EPS
- Sportsman MV7 Military
  - 2005 Polaris Sportsman MV7 Military
- Sportsman Touring 500 HO
  - 2012 Polaris Sportsman Touring 500 HO
- Sportsman Touring 550 EPS
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman Touring 550 EPS
- Sportsman Touring 800 EFI
  - 2008 Polaris Sportsman Touring 800 EFI
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman Touring 800 EFI
- Sportsman Touring 850 EPS
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman Touring 850 EPS
- Sportsman X2 550
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman X2 550
- Sportsman X2 850
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman X2 850
- Sportsman XP 550 EFI
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman XP 550 EFI
- Sportsman XP 550 EFI EPS
  - 2009 Polaris Sportsman XP 550 EFI EPS
- Sportsman XP 850
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman XP 850
- Sportsman XP 850 EPS
  - 2011 Polaris Sportsman XP 850 EPS
- Xpedition 325 4x4
  - 2000 Polaris Xpedition 325 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Xpedition 325 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Xpedition 325 4x4
- Xpedition 425 4x4
  - 2000 Polaris Xpedition 425 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Xpedition 425 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Xpedition 425 4x4
- Xplorer 250 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Xplorer 250 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Xplorer 250 4x4
- Xplorer 400L 4x4
  - 1999 Polaris Xplorer 400L 4x4
  - 2000 Polaris Xplorer 400L 4x4
  - 2001 Polaris Xplorer 400L 4x4
  - 2002 Polaris Xplorer 400L 4x4
- Xplorer 500 4x4
  - 1997 Polaris Xplorer 500 4x4

ATV Front Drive Shaft Engine Side U-Joint

This part fits: (click the plus signs to expand)

Serving You Since 1963

Policies